Life After Well Written Research Papers

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Quincey Schoolboy Q Hanley - 892 Words

Quincey â€Å"ScHoolboy Q† Hanley was born on October 26, 1986, in Lucius D. Clay Kaserne, an American military complex in Wiesbaden, Germany, to a couple who split up before his birth. His father remained in the Army, but Q and his mother moved to Houston, Texas. Because of the strained relationship between his mother and father, Q was given a random last name possessed by neither parent. Shortly after moving back to the United States, he and his mother relocated to her former home in South Central, Los Angeles. Eventually he and his mother settled on 51st Street between the notorious Hoover Street and Figueroa Streets, both famous for the abundance of drugs and street violence. Q’s mother worked as a night dispatcher for AAA, so he did not see her very often while attending school and was partially raised by his grandmother. Despite growing up in South Central, Los Angeles, Q’s music influences are primarily East Coast rappers such as The Notorious B.I.G., Nas, and 50 Cent. Unlike Kendrick Lamar, Q did not develop an interest in writing and performing music until his teenage years, and he did not start recording music professionally until he was in his early-20s. Q’s academic success during high school — a 3.3 GPA until his final year — earned him the nickname â€Å"Schoolboy† from his peers (his name is stylized as â€Å"ScHoolboy Q† because of his upbringing on Hoover Street in Los Angeles). , However, his affiliation with the notorious 52 Hoover Crips of South Los Angeles

Cheating at School free essay sample

Why Cheat? What would make a person want to cheat? Do students cheat to do better in a particular class? To make them appear smarter? Is it just a lack of judgment in their character? No matter the reason, cheating is wrong. It is deceitful, dishonest, and hurtful to yourself and possibly those around you. Cheating can be anything from peeking at another students work during a quiz or exam to plagiarizing, to having someone else do assigned work for you. Whether a cheaters reasoning seems appropriate to them at the time, cheating is wrong under any circumstances.Anyone who cheats will have to suffer the effects when they are caught. Cheating can hurt your future and can also hurt the futures of others that may have been involved. Why is cheating wrong? It is not your work. A cheater is taking away from their abilities and the people you are cheating off of. We will write a custom essay sample on Cheating at School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is lying. A cheater is more than likely lying to themselves and the people around them. A person can only go so far before their lies catch up to them, begin to overlap, and start to betray you. For every action there is a reaction.With cheating come consequences. A cheater may get kicked out of their college or university. Your transcripts will then show that you were caught cheating. This can have a huge effect on other schools deciding to accept you as a student. Along with being kicked out, a cheater may lose all financial help they have received. Cheaters could also be stuck paying back any financial aid they have already received. The person or persons that the cheater used to cheat may get in trouble too. Even if this person was not aware they were being cheated off of. These are things that should be considered before a person decides to cheat. To do well in school you need to work hard, study hard, and do your own work. People attend college to further their education so they can have a better job, which may lead to a better life. If a person is cheating they are not receiving the education they may need. If a cheater does not get caught and punished while still in school, it may still catch up to them in the real world when they realize they do not have the necessary skills to erform certain job functions. Cheating can also be very embarrassing. If a person is caught cheating, everyone around them knows that they are deceitful. Other students may not want to be friends or help the cheater in any way. Students that share a class with a known cheater may sit as far away from the cheater as possible. This can affect other student’s ability to concentrate in class or during a test; because they may be too worried about making sure the cheater is not looking at their work.This attention should be focused on a student’s own work, not on what the cheater is doing. Some students who cheat may not really need to cheat. They may just feel they are not good enough, or they need to do better to impress someone else. They may need to impress other students, their teachers, parents, or bosses. Students who cheat that don’t need to cheat should be punished with the same severity as any other cheater. Teachers may feel that these â€Å"good† students have been cheating all along, and this is why they are a good student.Students who cheat may feel they are doing the right thing because they just didn’t have time to study for this one test. They tell themselves it will only be this one time. Wouldn’t it be easier to at least try it on your own? If you get a horrible grade on the assignment, you may be able to ask the teacher for extra credit or extra time to complete the assignment. The cheater may have a good reason for not being able to study. Some teachers may listen to these reasons and sympathize with the student and help out anyway they can within reason and fairness to other students. It is never ok to cheat, no matter what the cheaters reason may be. It is not fair to the cheater or to the students around the cheater who are trying to get a fair and equal education. It is not fair to the teachers or staff that has to monitor cheating. Students will feel better about themselves if the work they are turning in is their own. Work that comes from studying and understanding of the assignment, not work that comes from someone else.

Natural Environment and Early Human Development free essay sample

In order to support the idea of nurture influences on early human development, psychologists have done some researches on several factors of early human development. One of these factors is motor development. All children go through the same stages which begin with rolling over and end by walking. However, it seems that motor behaviours can be improved by practice or encouragement. This belief is supported by Zelazo and Kolb (1972) who did an experiment where infants, who were given stepping practice during the first two months, began walking five to seven weeks earlier than babies who had no practice. Such a result can be considered as an environmental influence. Another factor, which has been researched, is speech development. Speech can be improved by more talking with babies or rewarding them for making speech sounds. Kagan (1979) claimed that children, who were reared in middle-class American homes, begin to speak one year earlier than children reared in some villages such as San Marcos due to the fact that these children, culturally, have little â€Å"verbal interaction† with adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Environment and Early Human Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This research assures the importance of the environments, nurture, in early human development. In conclusion, psychologists and scientist have been arguing as to whether nature or nurture has more influence on early human development. As a result both heredity or the nature and environment or nurture are important factors in shaping human personality, but environment is the more important one. Because nature only goes so far whereas further growth and development is formed by the environments influence on early human development.

The Intellect And The Heart Essays

The Intellect And The Heart Essays The Intellect And The Heart Essay The Intellect And The Heart Essay Essay Topic: poem Messages from the soul that began by naming things, and which in time grew into still longer, more intricate stories, are still with us today. We call these messages the same thing we did in ancient times: poetry, which is itself derived from the ancient Greek root, poiein: to make. Not to write lines, meter, rhymes, stanzas, but simply to make something where there was nothing before. This is what makes them timeless. My experience with poetry has been not been limited, but to understand the essence of poetry took a long time. I understood poetry when I was in 11th grade in Pakistan, and ever since it has attracted me, especially spiritual poetry. My first encounter with it was a poem by a very famous poet, Dr Mohammad Allama Iqbal. His poem The Intellect And The Heart  had an immediate impact on me. Poetry is a very basic and essential form of human art, which is why we all can relate to it. When reading or writing poetry we instinctively know that something profound has occurred. When our own poems come to us, we treat them as sacred events. No one has to tell us to do that, we automatically do it, because every fiber of our being knows we have received something similar to grace, that the soul itself has spoken to us, and for us. Similarly through this poem The Intellect And The Heart I have learned what i would have taken years. During reading this poem it dawned upon me that knowledge does not lead to the comprehension of the Essence of God. The heart guides one to the final goal. Before reading this poem i had to read about the poets life and the influence under which he wrote it. In this particular poem he has tried to explain the concept of understanding God. What struck me while reading this poem was that through his use of Intellect and Heart (Intuition) he has tried to explain the controversy of the relative efficacy of these two means of knowing the truth about the existence and the essence of God and His relationship with the universe, both material and spiritual. I was surprised my self to reach this idea while reading it as this very controversy is a part of every Muslim life. This poem gave me another aspect of searching God. Not through the human eyes but with an understanding and devotion. To understand the existence of God we have to look with in our own self and have to look with all intelligence and love towards God for the purpose of finding him. This in itself is an accomplishment for us. This is the very message that I got from this poem. It had a very positive experience and i was in a phase of judging Gods existence without even looking for him. In his poem the poet has used Intellect (Knowledge), reasoning and logical thinking synonymously for ways of acquiring the knowledge of the material universe. The ways depending upon the above faculties are the material ways of experimentation and reasoning. Similarly, he has used Heart, Intuition, and love of God, faith, belief in the realities of the unseen or transcendental universe, based on revelation, synonymously for the means of acquiring knowledge of the spiritual universe. In the matter of the controversy of Intellect and Intuition he has recognized two different situations in one of which Intellect gets precedence over Intuition and in the other the precedence is reversed; for example Learning is from you, but Divine Knowledge is from me You only seek Divinity, but showing Divinity I am. I noticed that here the poet has acknowledged that brain or Intellect is the source of learning but the divinity can only comes from heart. I also noticed that through this method of poetry he has tried to show that such heavenly knowledge cannot be achieved through Intellect or commitment alone. These two forces have to work side by side as a system in order to achieve a full understanding of God. This system has been discussed in many books, but i felt more attracted and moved by this poem as it had answers many questions regarding the role intelligence and beliefs. Similarly Iqbal also said that Concerned with the manifest order you are and acquainted with the inward I am The other aspect if this poem came to my understanding when i researched the time, place and influence this poem was written in. To completely understand the message of this poem we have to understand, that at that particular time the Muslim nation was going through a rough part of history. This poem addressed two aspects of Muslim life. One is about the Divine knowledge and the other is the renaissance and rejuvenation of the Muslim world and Muslim society so that it may regain its lost position in the world community, through the dual task of inner reconstruction and outer adjustment to the changed conditions of the present day world. Which require Intuition as well as Intellect. The latter has precedence over the former. Thus the poet has addressed two problems faced by Muslims all over the world. Seeing the poem in a different perspective i came to know that these both goals can be achieved only, if we devote our selves fully to God, which would in turn also strengthen our nation. This poem contains two messages hidden in each other and shows that a perfect harmony dose exists between our heart and mind. Which is that through knowledge (INTELLECT) and devotion (Intuition) we can achieve inner peace as one needs inner peace to search his soul and then see the world through a learned eye, only and only then the mysteries of world will be solved and God can be found present in every aspect of nature. This is the final message i received from this poem. I like it because it explains the complex relation of intelligence and intuition and that it must co exists. Where Intellect will slowdown Devotion or Intuition will take over as Intuition is the guide and intelligence is the engine and this relation ship is like a machine which will enable us to find our way towards an understanding of Gods existence and the mysterious ways in which he works.

Element Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Facts

Element Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Facts The nitrogen family is element group 15 of the periodic table. Nitrogen family elements share a similar electron configuration pattern and follow predictable trends in their chemical properties. Also Known As: Elements belonging to this group are also known as pnictogens, at term derived from the Greek word pnigein, which means to choke. This refers to the choking property of nitrogen gas (as opposed to air, which contains oxygen as well as nitrogen). One way of remembering the identity of the pnictogen group is to remember the word starts with the symbols of two of its elements (P for phosphorus and N for nitrogen). The element family may also be termed pentels, which refers both to the elements formerly belonging to element group V and their characteristic of having 5 valence electrons. List of Elements in the Nitrogen Family The nitrogen family consists of five elements, which start with nitrogen on the periodic table and move down the group or column: nitrogenphosphorusarsenicantimonybismuth Its likely element 115, moscovium, also exhibits traits of the nitrogen family. Nitrogen Family Facts Here are some facts about the nitrogen family: Nitrogen family elements consists of atoms having 5 electrons in their outer energy level. Two of the electrons are in the s subshell, with 3 unpaired electrons in the ​p subshell.As you move down the nitrogen family: atomic radius increases, ionic radius increases, ionization energy decreases, and electronegativity decreases.Nitrogen family elements often form covalent compounds, usually with the oxidation numbers 3 or 5.Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals. Arsenic and antimony are metalloids. Bismuth is a metal.Except for nitrogen, the elements are solid at room temperature.Element density increases moving down the family.Except for nitrogen and bismuth, the elements exist in two or more allotropic forms.Nitrogen family elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Their compounds may be transparent, either diamagnetic or paramagnetic at room temperature, and may conduct electricity when heated. Because the atoms form double or triple bonds, the compou nds tend to be stable and potentially toxic. Element facts include crystal data for the most common allotropes and data for white phosphorus. Uses of Nitrogen Family Elements Two of the elements, nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential for life.Most of the Earths atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas, N2. Diatomic pnictogen molecules like this may be called pnictides. Because of their valence, pnictide atoms are connected by a covalent triple bond.Phosphorus is used in matches, fireworks, and fertilizer. Its also used to make phosphoric acid.Arsenic is toxic. It has been used as a poison and as a rodenticide.Antimony finds use in alloys.Bismuth is used in medications, paint, and as a catalyst. Nitrogen Family - Group 15 - Element Properties N P As Sb Bi melting point (Â °C) -209.86 44.1 817 (27 atm) 630.5 271.3 boiling point (Â °C) -195.8 280 613 (sublimes) 1750 1560 density (g/cm3) 1.25 x 10-3 1.82 5.727 6.684 9.80 ionization energy (kJ/mol) 1402 1012 947 834 703 atomic radius (pm) 75 110 120 140 150 ionic radius (pm) 146 (N3-) 212 (P3-) 76 (Sb3+) 103 (Bi3+) usual oxidation number -3, +3, +5 -3, +3, +5 +3, +5 +3, +5 +3 hardness (Mohs) none (gas) 3.5 3.0 2.25 crystal structure cubic (solid) cubic rhombohedral hcp rhombohedral Reference: Modern Chemistry (South Carolina). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Harcourt Education (2009).

A cross-country analysis of the impact of political stability on Essay

A cross-country analysis of the impact of political stability on economic growth - Essay Example This analysis will then be followed by an in-depth examination of these four diverse countries, each representing different regions of the world. Finally, this essay will demonstrate that political stability must be present for an economy to be healthy and is a necessary condition for the promotion of strong and continued economic growth. How does one define political stability? Theoretically speaking, the term is notoriously difficult to define and definitions will necessarily vary (see Ake 271-283; Fosu 329-348; Pasos 70-86; Goldsmith 471-480). Nonetheless, it is integral that the concept of political stability be defined for the theoretical purpose of this essay. Leon Hurwitz explored four conceptions of political stability and defined it as: 1) the absence of violence, 2) the duration of government, 3) the existence of a legitimate political regime, and 4) the absence of structure change (149-163). Since this definition is comprehensive it will guide the political component of this essay as well as complement the economic systems analysis of our four case studies. What sort of factors influence economic growth? The economic growth of a country is routinely measured by an aggregate indicator such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which represents the increase in goods and services produced by an economy. Economic growth can also be measured in GDP per capita, an indicator of the average annual income of an individual within a given economy. Annual economic growth and national productivity are influenced by a variety of factors including international terms of trade (imports vs. exports), the national unemployment rate and inflation rates (Henderson 338). Canada, Iraq, the United Kingdom and Somalia represent a fascinating cross-section of countries with which to analyze the effect of political stability on economic growth. From a

Critical Thinking about the Viet Nam Conflict Research Paper - 2

Critical Thinking about the Viet Nam Conflict - Research Paper Example The media was allowed more unfiltered access to this war than any previous and was extremely instrumental in shaping opinion back home. The reporting during the first part of the conflict essentially mimicked the government’s â€Å"domino theory† justification, that the U.S. was preventing the spread of communism. However, events during the later part of the war such as My Lai and the Tet Offensive turned the media and therefore public opinion against American involvement. The close-knit relationship between the media and military turned adversarial which affected public opinion and ultimately brought an end to the war. The debate continues whether or not the reporting was unbiased and accurate, if the folks back home knew the real story and if history has recorded the war according to fact or an agenda driven fiction. Media accounts of war consisted mainly of photographs during the First World War. The public saw only what passed the Press Bureau’s censorship guidelines however, a move to ensure public opinion stayed positive. Moving pictures in the form of newsreels shown prior to movies depicted America’s involvement in the best possible light. The people back home saw their soldiers bravely gaining ground against the fascist and Japanese menaces that threatened to take over the world and end the American way of life. In these days before television, these accounts helped theater goers to feel a sense of pride and security. Support for the war was practically unanimous. Everyone wanted to pitch-in for the war effort. The stories coming out of Vietnam were similar at least at first. The general public bought into the idea of America’s fighting men fighting and dying to preserve freedom and democracy in another foreign land. â€Å"This attitude stemmed from the journalistic style that had been used in the preceding American wars of the twentieth century and also from sheer patriotic support for the United States†

Plagiarism Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism Essay Plagiarism, in its simplest form, is merely literary theft. Plagiarism occurs when a writer duplicates another writers language or ideas and then calls the work his or her own (Plagiarism 2). Some times, one may plagiarize with little knowledge that he/she is doing so. Other times, one may feel the need to plagiarize because he/she waited until the last minute or one may not want to take the time to research correctly. Because of the many sources available to students, plagiarism has significantly increased within the last several years. In fact, in 2009, eighty percent of college students admitted to plagiarizing at least once (Plagiarism Statistics 2). There are several ways to prevent plagiarism, such as knowing when to site common knowledge, paraphrasing, and always citing correctly. Common knowledge is something that is generally known, however there is no clear boundary on what is considered common knowledge (Common Knowledge 1). Common knowledge can also carry the sense of â€Å"communal† knowledge—it is community information that no particular individual can fairly claim to own (Writing Center 1). Knowing when to cite common knowledge can be tricky. One way to tell whether or not a bit of information is common knowledge or not, is whether or not it is stated in five or more sources. So, if it’s known to educated people, or can be easily looked up, or appears in many sources, it is likely to be â€Å"common knowledge† and so does not need to be cited (Writing Center 2). However, if the information is not general knowledge to the educated public, then a proper citation is necessary. Because knowing when and when not to cite common knowledge can be an uncertainty, it is always best to just cite the information or ask a professor. A paper should only consist of about ten percent of direct quotations. Therefore, in order to keep verbatim quotes to a minimum, one can paraphrase. Paraphrasing is â€Å"ones own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form† (Driscoll 1). Essentially, paraphrasing is simply summarizing. However, it is a more concentrated, detailed summary on a single, specific topic. Reasons for paraphrasing may be to make sure one fully understands what the text says, or to use as expert evidence for a point one is trying to make in his/her own argumentative text. One must fully comprehend the entire passage or quotation and then write down his/her own rendition of the passage while making it clear that someone else’s ideas are being used. Plagiarism, despite the fact that it’s immoral and unethical, is an ongoing roblem in education facilities today. Although the statistics for the number of students who have admitted to plagiarism are staggering, there are a few ways one can make sure that he/she does not plagiarize. Understanding common knowledge and paraphrasing allows one to know when or when not to cite work. Authors work hard and deserve to have their work recognized and not stolen. With this in mind, remember to always give credit where credit is due.

Psychology in American Beauty Essay -- Film Movies Papers

Psychology in American Beauty Have you ever seen a movie that just simply amazed you and almost disgusted you in a way. Well over this weekend my family and I decided to rent the movie American Beauty. This movie recently has won many awards for performances in acting and best role play. But that is not the reason we choose to watch American Beauty. We choose to rent this movie pending on the fact for me to write my final psychology paper on it. American Beauty struck me in very different ways some including feelings of disgust, truth and reality, but mainly it was filled with many social psychology terms. If you asked to pick a different movie to show and demonstrate the examples of certain psychology terms I don’t think I would have selected a better one. Some of the examples that I have decided to inform you about are ones such as love, discrimination, and social perception. But you will here plenty more about all the psychology factors and how this movie relates, also I provided other references such as the Internet and the dictionary. Well to begin she was very high in neuroticism, is a personal trait meaning an emotionally unstable person that people either learns from watching and observing from other people and is portrayed in the movie American Beauty. Lester’s wife is neurotic for a few reasons and the movie really shows a good example. She is so devoted to becoming successful that she dose not realize what is going on around her and starts to become distant. And when she dose not succeed she start to cry and beat herself up over it. Making her emotionally unstable. Her Attitude(a negative or hostile state of mind b : a cocky or arrogant manner ) towards Lester is also very negative. There are a few se... ... someone else’s house every day and we do not realize it. Also my parents were amazed at how the father may not have shown how much he really cared for his children and the same goes for the children’s aspect of the father but deep down inside there was plenty of love for each other just a lack of communication. I think this too happens in many American house holds , mine quite possibly being one of those families. To sum it all up this movie actually gave me a whole new outlook on life and family situations and I hope I was able to explain to you how the terms related from the movie and other references that I have chosen. I do plan to take another course in psychology next semester and hope that such projects as this one are assigned to me so I can further open my mind to things that I might have never even thought of watching or reading before it was assigned. Psychology in American Beauty Essay -- Film Movies Papers Psychology in American Beauty Have you ever seen a movie that just simply amazed you and almost disgusted you in a way. Well over this weekend my family and I decided to rent the movie American Beauty. This movie recently has won many awards for performances in acting and best role play. But that is not the reason we choose to watch American Beauty. We choose to rent this movie pending on the fact for me to write my final psychology paper on it. American Beauty struck me in very different ways some including feelings of disgust, truth and reality, but mainly it was filled with many social psychology terms. If you asked to pick a different movie to show and demonstrate the examples of certain psychology terms I don’t think I would have selected a better one. Some of the examples that I have decided to inform you about are ones such as love, discrimination, and social perception. But you will here plenty more about all the psychology factors and how this movie relates, also I provided other references such as the Internet and the dictionary. Well to begin she was very high in neuroticism, is a personal trait meaning an emotionally unstable person that people either learns from watching and observing from other people and is portrayed in the movie American Beauty. Lester’s wife is neurotic for a few reasons and the movie really shows a good example. She is so devoted to becoming successful that she dose not realize what is going on around her and starts to become distant. And when she dose not succeed she start to cry and beat herself up over it. Making her emotionally unstable. Her Attitude(a negative or hostile state of mind b : a cocky or arrogant manner ) towards Lester is also very negative. There are a few se... ... someone else’s house every day and we do not realize it. Also my parents were amazed at how the father may not have shown how much he really cared for his children and the same goes for the children’s aspect of the father but deep down inside there was plenty of love for each other just a lack of communication. I think this too happens in many American house holds , mine quite possibly being one of those families. To sum it all up this movie actually gave me a whole new outlook on life and family situations and I hope I was able to explain to you how the terms related from the movie and other references that I have chosen. I do plan to take another course in psychology next semester and hope that such projects as this one are assigned to me so I can further open my mind to things that I might have never even thought of watching or reading before it was assigned.

Relevancy of Institutional Theory for Managers Essay

Institutional theory is one the most renowned theoretical approaches to internationalization process of firms. From the 70s, there have been publications supporting and developing this theory by researchers such as Di Maggio, Powell, Scott, Meyer or Rowan. Nonetheless, some other alternative theories, such as OLI paradigm or TCE model, have also proven themselves quite significant. Shortell and Kalunzy (2000, p. 4) state that organizations must face certain external factors such â€Å"external or societal norms, rules, and requirements that an organization must conform to, in order to receive legitimacy and support†; which are two basic factors for a successful internationalization process. Nowadays, it is essential to determine the accuracy of internationalization theories because corporations need to respond to the challenges of a globalized world. This essay aims to examine the applicability of the main assumptions of this theory in order to explain the internationalization decisions made by firms? anagers. For that purpose, key aspects such as its scope, current importance or empirical support will be evaluated. Meyer and Rowan (1977), Di Maggio and Powell (1983), and Scott (1987) state that, in order to obtain legitimacy, firms must face â€Å"isomorphic pressures† from the external context. Di Maggio and Powell (1983) define isomorphism as â€Å"constraining process that forces one unit in a population to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions† and they remark that firms are forced to compete for legitimacy and political influence apart from customers and resources. Scott (1995) specified that there are three types of isomorphic pressures: regulatory, cognitive and normative. Regulatory pressures can be defined as the rules, legislation and sanctions established by government that companies must follow. Cognitive pressures refer to the shared vision of how the world works by the members of an institution or societal entity able to affect a corporation. Normative pressures can be described as the values, norms or other cultural aspects within a country that can influence a firm. In other words, for this theory, any internationalization or foreign direct investment (FDI) operation respond to a legitimacy seeking procedure in order to have access to key resources such as public funding or customer support. Nevertheless, this theory does not cover all the possible dimensions of an internalization process. Dunning (1993) states that there are 4 main motivations for an internationalization process: market seeking, resource seeking, efficiency seeking and strategic asset seeking. Market seeking can be explained as penetrate into other market and avoid dangerous factors such as tariffs or exchange rate risk. Resource seeking refers to many factors such as location in a cluster, information, or less costly or more efficient resources. Efficiency seeking can be defined as cost reduction (transport and transactions) and the economies of scope and scale that can be reached in a internationalisation process. Strategic asset seeking is all the rest of different motivations such as imitating competitors, prevent competition or follow consumers. Therefore, Institutional Theory does not seem to cover fully those aspects because no economic considerations are made under this theory. On the other hand, there are theories that cover more accurately economic considerations in internationalisation issues. Buckley and Casson (1976), and Rugman (1981); under Internalisation Theory, state that existing markets may not offer the most efficient conditions to companies and making those markets â€Å"internal† will reduce the transaction costs of operating with those markets. Dunning (1980) argues, in this OLI paradigm, that firms operate in international market in order to seek for different kind of advantages: Ownership advantages (i. e. rademark or know-how), Locating advantages (i. e. low salaries or taxation) and Internalisation advantages (same advantages mentioned in Internalisation Theory). Hence, it is obvious that Institutional theory has a limited scope as long as it covers political and social aspects of internationalisation, but it does not give any hint about economic concerns. Since the year 2000, according to a report written by the United Nations (2 013), FDI going to BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has tripled reaching an amount of $263 billions in 2012. This amount represents 20% of FDI in the world. Moreover, Hall (1976) states that there are certain countries that can be described as High-context cultures that are based in interpersonal relationships. Those are countries where factors like trust or legitimacy are crucial for business and BRICS are considered as high-context countries. Therefore, firms need to gain legitimacy in order to operate in those markets and Institutional provides an excellent theoretical framework for defining success in those markets. Nonetheless, it cannot be assumed that firms just comply with external pressures in order to gain legitimacy. Di Maggio (1988) argues that agents and organizations have their own interests and have the ability to implement strategic actions in order to fulfil their ambitions. Scott (1995) also states that companies and organisations do not react in a passive way to institutional environment and they behave actively. Araujo (2000) determines that, although organisations are under external pressures, companies will decide their own response to the environment. Hence, companies are influenced by external factors, but they can decide what to do regarding those factors. On the other hand, there is some evidence that companies tend to mimic their strategic moves. Leroux, Pupion and Sahut (2011) state that companies are influenced by the choices made by the leaders of their sectors. Lieberman and Asaba (2006) argue that firms tend to imitate each other in order to deal with the uncertainty of the environment and reduce risks. For those authors, there two explanations for business imitation: information-based explanation and rivalry-based explanation. Information-based ones assume that companies imitate the ones who seem to have †superior† information. Rivalry-based ones that companies copy their strategic moves in order to limit rivalry or keep stable competitive parity. There are some researchers who have tried to deduct whether Institutional theory is reliable or not for explaining an internationalization process. Bianchi and Arnold (2004) state that Institutional theory is the best theoretical framework in order to explain the failure of the Internationalization process of the American retail company Hot Depot into the Chilean market in 1998. Their research determined that the main cause of the failure of this process was the scarcity of legitimacy of Hot Depot in Chile because they were not able to offer a confortable shop atmosphere for their customers and the range of products was not satisfactory for Chilean clients. Also, Hot Depot failed because its competitors were capable of anticipating and responding to its competitive advantage. Moreover, Cao and Perderzoli (2012) determine that institutional environment is very significant in the decision making process of retailing companies while operating in an emerging economy. They also state that the creation of shared added value in those economies and the engagement between the company and the host market will increase the adaptability of those companies to institutional environment in emerging economies. Nonetheless, there are some other papers that determine that the effect of external environment in a company depends of its profile. Walsh and Yu (2010) state that institutional factors do not have relevance in primary sector companies while they are relevant in manufacturing and services corporations as it is shown in their research using econometric methods. Additionally; Wrightley, Coe and Currah (2005) and, Bianchi and Ostele (2006) determine that retail companies are more vulnerable to institutional issues than other kinds of companies. Therefore, there is empirical evidence that shows the relevancy of this theory for corporate internationalization operations during the last 20 years. Otherwise, this relevance depends of the sector of the company and it seems to be a relation between the level of impact of institutional factors and their level of interaction with final customers. Furthermore, it is important to discuss whether Institutional Theory is relevant or not for managers. Porter (1990) and Welford (1995) affirm that the external environment makes a strong influence on corporate strategy. Aguilar (1967) states that the environment is crucial in corporate strategy and he created the ETPS (Economic, Technical, Political and Social) model, which would become PEST model in the future, in order to analyse the external environment. Learned, Christiansen, Andrews and Guth (1969) determine that external environment is crucial for business strategy as long as it is a key element of their SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) model, where Opportunities and Threats are external elements. Thus, it cannot be denied that Institutional Theory is relevant for managers because environment is crucial for any strategic planning and if managers ignore those factors, they will be destined to fail in internationalisation process. Furthermore, external pressures have relevance in other essential aspects of corporate management. Zaheer (1995) states that companies operating abroad may suffer â€Å"liability of foreignness† which are economic and social problems that can affect their performance, so they would tend to modify their organizational structure in order to make it similar to local firms? tructure. Also, Barkemeyer (2007) state that institutional pressures encourage companies to develop CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) programmes in order to gain legitimacy in the host country. Therefore, external environment can exert a strong influence in all sorts of aspects of corporate management such as Organisation or CSR in order to be legitimate to operate in a forei gn market and managers be aware of this situation. As a conclusion, it can be said that environmental pressures are a crucial element for business performance in international markets. During the last decade, legitimacy has proven itself as a key resource in FDI processes as long as emerging economies are becoming one of the main receptors of foreign investment and, for those countries, it is necessary â€Å"being legitimate† in order to be supported by customers, local authorities and other social actors. As a contrast, this theory has some drawbacks as long as it assumes, in its early version, which companies just comply with external pressures and it does not consider in depth economic aspects. Nevertheless, in spite of those weaknesses, Institutional Theory provide an excellent theoretical framework to managers that encourage them to be sensitive to the cultural elements (aesthetics, beliefs, norms or attitudes) and macro environment of their host markets, so they can improve their performance. Therefore, being able to provide such an important capacity to international managers is the best strength of this theory and it is what makes it relevant today.

Grammar school Essay

Intoduction Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. It does not however guarantee any particular level of education of any particular quality. There are three forms of learning defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): formal education, education and non-formal education. Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems are sometimes also based on religions, giving them different curricula. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latinword for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university–or via some other such method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences. Educational institutions may incorporate fine arts as part of K-12 grade curricula or within majors at colleges and universities as electives. The various types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. Enrolment is the total number of students properly registered and/or attending classes at a school. Every year or every school year the different schools were increasing the total number of students who were officially enrolled in their school. We need to be enrolled so that we will be indicated in the master list of enrollees and for us also to be officially enrolled in such institution. ADVANTAGE * Convenience is one of the major advantages of online schools. It allows students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time restrictions of traditional schools. Online schools provide access to learning materials at anytime. This allows students the flexibility to schedule their learning around families, jobs and other activities. Another major advantage of learning from an online school is the accessibility it provides. Students can learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important benefit for students who wish to study in a different country. It also allows students to travel without the repercussions of being absent from school * Provide HR personnel and employees access to benefits information around-the-clock * Reduce administrative tasks and eliminate paper-based processes * Grant employees instant access to benefits elections through online confirmation statements * Review data and statistics about employee enrollment activity through reporting capabilities DISADVANTAGE: There are some disadvantages that are associated with the online ordering system. One is that of you do not have access to the Internet you cannot order. The other one is that you may be ripped off. * Being a successful student at an online school requires self-discipline. This is a disadvantage for students who have difficulty with time management and procrastination. While being able to set your own schedule can be an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage. Some students need the structure of traditional schools. Another disadvantage of online schools is the technology involved. It just isn’t available to everyone. The world is rapidly becoming more and more connected by modern technology, but some people still do not have ready access to a computer and Internet connection. And many of those who do have the required equipment are too intimidated by it to take advantage of online schools. Learning through online schools restricts interaction between teacher and student. This is a disadvantage for those students who need the immediate feedback that such interaction provides. REFERENCES: http://www. ask. com/web? qsrc=1&o=102140&l=dir&q=disadvantage+of+online+enrolment+system http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Enrollment http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education http://www. ask. com/web? qsrc=1&o=102140&l=dir&q=advantage+of+online+enrolment+system Answer: Education is a process of human growth by which one gains greater understanding and control over oneself and one’s world. It involves our minds, our bodies, and our relations with the people and the world around us. Education is also characterized by continuous development and change. The end product of the process of education is learning. Schooling is a specific, formalized process, usually focused on the young, and whose general pattern traditionally has varied little from one setting to the next. 2. Describe how school function as transmitter and re-creators of culture. Answer: Teachers design the classroom so that the Americans and Hispanic cultures are honored and children learn to operate effectively in both languages. American cultures have always embraced many cultures. Nevertheless a primary responsibility of the school is to assist foreign born students in the acquisition. 3. Describe how schools can operate as vehicle for social, democratic, and economic reconstruction. Answer: Social deconstructionists – proponent of the theory of education that schools and teachers need to engage in the reconstructing and reforming of society to eradicate its ills and shortcomings. Economic reconstructionists- subscribers to an educational perspective or motivational that focuses on developing students who take critical stances toward the dominant social and economic status quo. 4. Identify the four basic purpose of school. A. Intellectual purpose- promote academic learning, B. Political and civic- purposes help the students to learn how to govern themselves wisely and justly. C. Economic purpose – schools will prepare students for the future. D. Social purpose- adapt to social expectations. 5. Explain why students in elementary classrooms learn to deny desire, delay gratification, cope with interruptions and work through social distractions. Answer: because they are surrounded by so many other students who want the same thing they want. 6. Describe the range of educational experiences for middle-grade students, based on the grade configuration of the school, the size of the school, the administration’s and teacher’s orientations, the goals of the school and the staffing patterns. Answer: the goals that schools set for students influence middle-school education in other ways as well, including the curriculum offered and the instructional method used. It was found that classroom structure for students in the middle grades varied from completely self-contained classrooms, in which one teacher taught one from of students all major subject areas, to completely departmentalized schools in which each teacher specialized in a single subject area and taught several different classes of students. The middle schools showed a greater percentage of departmentalized staffing. Teachers also differed by the type of licensure held. Teachers with secondary licensure were more likely to be subject matter oriented, and middle-grade students were taught by subject matter experts showed higher level pf achievement. 7. Explain how the greater variety of choices secondary students have can result in different high school experiences, based on tracking, the courses in which they enroll, the feedback they receive from teachers, and the tacit agreement they make with their teachers, Answer: early adolescences are characterized by a variety of developmental needs and dramatic evaluation in the maturation rate. 8. Identify four areas suggested to improve the quality of high schools. A. pressure on the teacher B. influence on tracking C. classroom treaties D. specialty shops 9. List and explain some of the characteristics of schools that are effective with respect to academic. Answer: the teacher’s expectation – high can do expectation Communication among teachers – high degree of colleagueship Task orientation – serious attitude. Academic engaged time- keep students working Part II 1. Raise your hand before you speak 2. No chewing gum 3. No talking in class 4. Do your homework or they will contact your parents 5. If you are late for class you will have to go to the principal office. 6. The principal said it was okay for him to whoop me. ** I felt #6 was unfair because other people shall not be able to whoop you.

Tips for Teaching Multiple Preps

Tips for Teaching Multiple Preps Many teachers have to face the challenge of teaching multiple preps in a given year at some point during their career. For example, a high school social studies teacher could be assigned to teach two classes of basic level Economics, one class of American History, and two classes American Government. An elective or specials teacher in art or music can be assigned several different grade levels in one day. For each prep, a teacher needs to develop a set of lesson plans. Multiple preps require multiple lesson plans. In many schools, a number of preps are given to the new teachers who may not receive their first choice of course assignments. Other disciplines such as world languages may offer several singleton courses, such as a German I course. For other departments, there may be specialized courses with only one section such as AP Physics. Multiple preps may be the best way to meet the needs of students. A teacher with multiple preps in a school year should consider some of the following suggestions. Stay organized Teachers facing multiple preps must keep their lessons, notes, and grades separate and accurate. They need to find a physical, organizational system that makes sense and works for them. They might try one or more of the following to see how the system works: Summarize daily instruction by class on a post-it note. Place the post-it into a daily agenda or planning book. These post-it notes record the topics that were covered in class and remind the teacher what still needs to be done.Provide designated areas that are clearly labeled for students to turn in or pick up work by course or class. Making students responsible for materials contributes to their independence.Set up crates or files that can hold student work and materials by course or class.Use color coding to keep student work separated by class or course. Color-coded file folders, agendas, or notebooks are visual cues that help keep student work separated. Go digital There are multiple software platforms to help organize classrooms digitally, for example, Google Classroom, Edmodo, Seesaw, Socrative. Teachers can adjust the use of these platforms according to the amount of technology integration available in a school, even if there is limited access to computers. These educational software platforms allow teachers to customize class syllabi, post course assignments and collect student work. Some of these educational platforms can integrate grading platforms as well, saving time and streamlining feedback to students. Digital resources can be linked as well which can expand the materials available. Another possibility is to share digital resources or classroom materials with another teacher who may be teaching the same prep. Software platforms can easily separate students by class or course, so there is no confusion as to which teacher is responsible for students. Seek out other teachers The best resource for multiple preps could be another teacher in the building who may be teaching the same prep or who has already taught a specific course. Most teachers are more than happy to help out in these situations and share materials. Shared materials can reduce the time required in lesson planning. There are also many sites teachers can go to get lesson ideas that complement existing curriculum. Teachers can begin with provided textbooks and then add supplementary material from educational websites as necessary, provided the materials meet the standards and objectives of the course. There may be ideas for a class that can be modified for different preps or differentiated for students. Make outside connections Look outside the building or even outside the school district by using social media connections such as Pinterest, Facebook, or Twitter. For example, there are thousands of teachers that use Twitter to meet for chats on their discipline according to a set schedule. Collaborating with these online colleagues can be excellent professional development. One of these teachers may have already created something that is perfect for a course. Connecting with teachers, especially if the course is a singleton or the only course offered in a school, can also help reduce feelings of isolation. Vary the complexity of lessons Teachers with multiple preps should not schedule two complicated lessons on the same day. For example, a teacher who plans on having the students participate in a simulation that requires a lot of preparation and energy might want to create lessons for the other classes that day that does not require so much time and energy. Plan resources use In the same way that you want to vary the activities across the day, teachers should schedule lessons for easy management. For example, teachers should plan lessons that require time in the media center on the same day. In the same way, if equipment (video, laptops, polling clickers, etc) is available on specific days, then lessons should be organized to take advantage of the equipment in each class. This kind of organization is especially true if the equipment takes time to set up and take down. Destress ​ Teacher burnout is real. Teaching can be quite stressful with all of the pressures and responsibilities placed on teachers, and multiple preps add on to the already long list of factors that cause teacher stress. Check out 10 ways to manage teacher burnout for some great ideas. It is definitely possible to survive and thrive teaching multiple preps. All it requires is staying organized, keeping a positive attitude, and maintaining connections with other teachers.

How to Build Your Reputation at Work

How to Build Your Reputation at Work Having a good reputation at work is not only important to get along well with your colleagues, a less than pleasant reputation can follow you to future jobs and hold you back. If you’ve been too gossipy, difficult, testy or unreliable with your coworkers, it isn’t too late to change their perception of you by doing a little damage control. A few tips can get you started on the way to becoming an employee with a good reputation and these tips work for all types of jobs, whether in a health care job, at a desk or outdoors in construction. Keep DeadlinesYour reputation can be injured if you are one of those people who promises faithfully to have your work finished on time but can’t seem to hit that deadline. While you might be the nicest person in the office, bringing in homemade brownies and remembering everyone’s birthday with a card, that won’t count for much if you don’t get your work done on time. Make a serious effort to get your work in o n time, and your reputation as a reliable employee will increase.Make Your Office the No Whining ZoneEvery business environment has an employee who complains and is negative all the time. Instead of complaining and rehashing a complaint to everyone at work, if you have an objection to some issue or way of doing something, just say it and move on. When you do have an objection to something, try and say it tactfully and perhaps offer a suggestion that might be an improvement.Stay Away From GossipAll workplaces seem to have a gossip, and gossiping and spreading tales is a good way to get a damaged reputation. Ignore the office negativity and never spread rumors because it might come back to you in a bad way. If you feel the need to talk to someone, make it a friend outside the office environment. Gossiping at work can create hard feelings among other employees and cause you to lose their trust.Learn to Prioritize and Be PreparedEveryone in a business setting knows at least one individu al who doesn’t carry his or her load and is unprepared. This is a big way you can damage your reputation. It can make you look uninterested, lazy or flighty, even though you have the best of intentions. Use a calendar or planner to organize your work, include notations, deadlines and other information that can help you get the job done. Don’t take on more work than you know you can do. While you might want to be perceived as a super worker in the office, that can backfire if you can’t get the work done on time. Spend a little time to prepare for meetings in advance. Showing up at a meeting appearing as though you are the only one who doesn’t know what is going on can not only be embarrassing, but it can make others wonder why you are there.Offer an ApologyIf you do something wrong or offend someone at work, apologize for it. A sincere apology can do a lot to raise yourself in the eyes of others. If you are late getting your work done or were in a hurry an d brusque with someone, an apology can go a long way toward making amends.How Long It Takes to Change a ReputationThe amount of time it takes to raise a reputation can depend on what the offenses were and how long your reputation has been suffering. Just remember that once you begin to change that pattern, the faster you will reach your goal. People tend to be forgiving, especially when they see that someone is trying to improve themselves.Building a good reputation is important in any work environment because it makes the job more pleasurable. In addition, it may affect your future employment if you decide to check out the classified job ads to move up or just because you want a change. TheJobNetwork can help you by searching job ads for you and sending alerts to your email when those jobs come on the market. All you do is fill out a form with your qualifications and job preferences to start the search. Sign up with TheJobNetwork now to get started.

According to the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

According to the instruction - Essay Example The Bosman case came about for the reason that of a Belgium player going by the name Jean-Marc Bosman (Rafaeel, 1997). He had a contracted with the RFC liege. However, his contract had expired and opted for a transfer to the French side Dunkerque(Faridah.p78,2001).Due to the systems during the time Liege refused to let Bosman leave without transfer fee being paid in which Dunkerque was not willing to pay. However, Bosman argued that, being a European Union citizen, he was fully entitled to the freedom of movement within the premises of European Union to earn a living. In the contrary the system of transfer prohibited him from exercising his exact right of freedom of movement. Following these disagreements which arose from the transfer saga Bosman argued that changes in system and policy should be effected to allow players whose contract had ended with a certain club could freely move to another club without the payment of the transfer fee (Inuendo, 2003). The European court of justice held the proceedings and it found favour of Bosman and it was against Liege football club, the football association of Belgium and the UEFA. It emerged that two very vital decisions arose from the court declaration: For out of the contract players it was illegal to pay the fees for transfer of players where a player was shifting from one club to another or between one nations of the European Union to the other. Commencing those only players still on service with their club teams is required to pay the transfer fees. Moreover, the prohibitive ration were rendered to be against the law. It was free for the clubs to have as many foreign players in their teams as they wished from other countries within the European union sphere of influence.(Gary.p89,1997) The situation before the Bosman ruling was pathetic with the reference on the transfer of players and the quota systems. Before the ruling, a football player

Econometrix Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Econometrix - Assignment Example Test for Significance of Coefficient In order to test the significance of the coefficient, the following hypotheses have been drawn. Ho: The coefficient is equal to zero H1: The coefficient is greater than zero Test Statistics In order to test the significance of the coefficient of Age, t statistic is needed to be calculated. Formula In the given case, the estimated coefficient may be referred as ?Age = 0.043 while the Standard error for ?Age = 0.003. Therefore, Now for the given data set the t tabulated value had been found using the degree of freedom in the given case is 21600 – 3= 21597. The significance level for the test is 1%. The t critical value for the given data is found to be 2.326 (Allison, 1991). Decision Rule The Null hypothesis is rejected if t calculated is greater than t tabulated. Conclusion Since the t calculated value is greater than the t tabulated value i.e. 14.3333>2.326, hence the criteria suggests rejecting the null hypothesis. So it can be concluded t hat the coefficient value is not equal to zero. 1b. The equation required for the desired calculation is In the given case, Age= 30 years Size= 100 employees Therefore, the earnings calculated for the given age and size is equal to 7.337 pounds (Belsley, Kuh & Welsch, 2005). 1c) It depends as it sounds logical that a person with higher education would be earning greater than the one who has less education. Therefore, assuming that bigger organizations hire more educated people, it may be assumed that on average there is less probability that an organization employees older people. Omitting education in case if it is related to age was necessary to rule out the chances of error caused due to the correlation existing between age and education as an increase in age is termed to be negatively associated with education. Thus the model would have implied the issue of multicollinearity. When variables are extremely correlated, the variability explained exclusively by the single variables c an be minor despite the fact that the variation explicated by the variables brought together is great. (Wooldridge, 2012). d. Model 2 (2.430) (0.053) (0.285) The sample size is 83, while R2 is 0.036 1d) By and large, with an increase in sample size, the estimated values tend to be better predictor of the population parameters. Therefore, with each additional observation that is admitted in the sample, the amount of information increases and that additional information usually aids in providing better statistics. Thus if the model provides a better estimating results, the standard errors will be reduced. The model 1 has been framed using an extensively large size of sample while model 2 has eliminated the general public and has enlisted only a specified fragment of the whole population resulting in a decreased size of sample. This ultimately targets the standard errors as they are increased due to the declined size of the sample. This contemplates the information that larger samples will bring forth more accurate estimates of the coefficients’ in a regression analysis (Aiken & West, 1991). e) Hypothesis testing for model 1 Where k=3, N= 21600 while R2=0.025 (Aiken & West, 1991) Calculating the F statistic Let the level of significance be 0.05, the F critical value in that case will be 2.6. Since the F calculated value is less than the F critical, hence,

The categorical imperative and duty to Kant and comparing his ideas to Essay

The categorical imperative and duty to Kant and comparing his ideas to the golden rule of jesus - Essay Example As mentioned in the question to this essay itself, the maxim in question of the imperative runs as follows: act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. First, some of the first aspects to note with regard to the imperative, are that it is something which is obeyed as a duty by what he considers to be a morally good individual. Secondly, it is a moral obligation, and finally, and as a preliminary note which will be expanded upon, this is a notion which facilitates any morally 'good' action. Thus, the first section of the Groundwork concerns the general notion of obedience as it is connected with the categorical imperative, and the second section reviews in more detail the doctrines about the categorical imperative, and considers those aspects which might be taken as a criticism or potential criticism of the doctrine itself. From the general, to the more specific, an important dimension of the whole aspect of the imperativ e is the notion of universalibility, and this is related to the aspect of 'willing' something which can or could be equally willed by any other person In the Groundwork, Kant argues that a 'good' man is going to use the criterion of 'universality' for all of his actions, as a maxim which works as a standard to judge good from bad actions, or ethical from unethical decisions. This implies that the means for this obedience or duty to the categorical imperative also involves a certain sense of 'autonomy' for the individual. He maintains that the â€Å"categorical imperative† a â€Å"maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law . . . the universality of law according to which effects are produced constitutes what is properly called nature in the most general sense (as to form), i.e., the existence of things as far determined by universal laws.† [Pojman, Ed., 1998: 302]. Accordingly, the â€Å"universal imperative of duty may† is â€Å"the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature. [Pojman, Ed., 1998: 302] Having stated the law in question (the categorical imperative), Kant proceeds to both demonstrate this through an example, which is an example that also serves for purposes of proving this as universally valid as a criterion for moral action. Thus, with regard to the aforementioned notion of 'autonomy', or the moral choice of the individual, Kant establishes what might be called a property of ethical legislation which qualifies as a command. In the second section of the Groundwork, which is a section under the subtitle or subheading of the 'doctrine of virtue', Kant asserts the following with respect to this important 'property' or salient aspect, and which qualifies as both an example and a demonstration or proof the categorical imperative: "Another man in need finds himself forced to borrow money . . . the maxim of his action would then be expressed as follows: when I believe myself to be in need of money, I will borrow money and promise to pay it back, although I know that I can never do so." [Pojman, Ed., 1998: 302] In this example, Kant argues that although it is possible for myself, or anyone else to adopt this maxim, that is, as an application or concrete example of the categorical

The Issue Of The Tattooed Soldier Novel Film Studies Essay

The Issue Of The Tattooed Soldier Novel Film Studies Essay He also brings out the theme of manipulation of humankind, which is observed in the course of the narrative. Tobar also puts forth the argument that manipulation of masses carried out by the guerrillas result in individuals leading a destructive life in future (Tobar 14). This argument is supported through the development of the protagonist Longoria, as will be observed in the analysis. ANALYSIS Brief Analysis of the Novel The story of the Tattooed Soldier begins as a love story and incorporates painful and passionate narrative of the lives of two protagonists, Guillermo Longoria and Antonio Bernal (Tobar 15). In this novel, the author, Hector Tobar tries to bring out different themes as concerns the story of these two but the main theme that he uses and brings to light is that of manipulation. Manipulation can be defined as that behavior used by an individuals to get what they want without paying attention to other individuals feelings while getting it (Tobar 25). It can also be defined as utilizing and understanding any means necessary in acquiring what one wants or desires to have (Ibid 26). The Tattooed Soldier is a novel having the theme of emotional manipulation, whereby one of the protagonists, Longoria, experiences it as part of his recruitment in the guerrilla army. Tobar also investigates the consequences as well as influences of this type of manipulation through the protagonists, revealing the nature of how each character develops in the course of the narrative (Tobar 35). The Tattooed Soldier explores emotional manipulation by concentrating on the happenings of the Guatemalan Civil War together with the Los Angeles riots which took place in 1993 (Ibid 36). It is not always easy to recognize manipulation or when one is being manipulated as is seen with Longorias character. Once a peasant, he was recruited into the guerrilla army as a teenager, with the promise of paradise full of easy credit, free seed and free land (Tobar 41). This was the ideology given during training sessions meant for Guatemalan officers based at the U. S. Army base. Emotional manipulation is also witnessed with Antonio, who being a Guatemalan citizen, lives in fear of his life from the guerrilla army personnel. The guerrillas had mastered the art of manipulation by making the people live in pure terror; they exhibited this through bombings, kidnapping the rich and killing suspected informers (Tobar 47). Because of this fear and manipulation by the government, Antonio was forced to flee from his native land upon discovering that him and his family had been suspected of being informers and were being hunted down. Manipulation comes in many forms for instance, through aggressive demands or expectations, neglect, punishment, insults or causing terror to the intended victim (Tobar 58). There are also consequences as a result of being manipulated as indicated by the author through his protagonists. It attacks the very being of an individual leaving them untrusting, unworthy as well as emotionally needy (Ibid 61). This can be seen in Antonio more than in Longoria as he tries to survive in the streets of Los Angeles where he has become a refuge. Antonio feels untrusting and develops an overwhelming emotional need to take vengeance for the murder of his family (Tobar 66). He also feels manipulated by his government in that instead of protecting its citizens during the Civil War as it said it would, the government turns its back on them and instead hunts anyone suspected of being an informer (Tobar 73). According to Tobar as he indicates in this novel, manipulation also causes individuals to change inwardly and not for the best. As is with Antonios case who was once a naà ¯ve and peace-loving individual, his characteristic changed to that of being a vengeful, ruthless man who wanted nothing but justice, however possible, for what had been done to him (Tobar 86). An Overview of the Theme The Tattooed Soldier is a novel about love, war and poverty, all brought out in the course of the narrative. However, the main theme portrayed by Tobar is that of manipulation of mankind. During the training of the Guatemalan army members at the United States Army base, ideologies were offered to these peasants who were soon-to-be soldiers of the Guatemalan army (Tobar 112). These individuals were promised a paradise of easy credit, free land and free seed and by this; the peasants were connected to the guerrillas, keeping the Communist movement intact. Guatemalan army took advantage of innocent citizen by creating fear and terror within them. For instance, they would kidnap rich individuals, murder anyone suspected of being an informer and bombed cafes (Ibid 117). As a result, the lives of the Guatemalan citizens are left destroyed with their emotions, thoughts and feelings inclining towards the negative attitude as concerns the US government and the Guatemalan Army. In addition, Hector Tobar investigates the consequences because of the Guatemalan citizens being manipulated by the guerrillas through his protagonists. Antonio is set on finding justice and revenge due to the murder of his wife and son and his quest for this is set against the Los Angeles chaotic riots, which were also taking place (Tobar 124). Los Angeles is portrayed as a city full of gang members and participation in disorderly conducts where poverty reigns. The conflicts and riots, which arise during this time, are as a result of Guatemalan refugees and citizens feeling manipulated and taken advantage of by the United States government (Ibid 126). It this novel was merely about a screed against the American imperialism, it would easily have been forgotten. But instead, it brings to light the evil that mankind has to undergo in the name of finding justice and survival (Tobar 131). The theme of manipulation of mankind has been observed in a number of instances within the narrative. For instance, being a poetic naà ¯ve individual, Antonio falls in love Elena, who is a fellow university student but is forced to flee their Guatemalan homeland as a result of becoming targets of the government (Ibid 137). As stated earlier on, the government guerillas engaged in kidnapping and murdering suspected informers and Antonio together with his family became one of these suspects. Manipulation is brought out in this instance in that the reader is made to observe the fact that Guatemalan citizens lived in total terror and fear and were aware that they did not possess any freedom of movement or speech (Tobar 140). They lived in fear of being killed at any particular time. Antonio and his family become suspected of being student agitators. Another side to the theme that is portrayed in the novel is that of unemployment. During this particular setting, Los Angeles was apparently divided into two classes, that is, the high class and the low class (Tobar 141). Those of the high class status would find employment with ease and lead comfortable lives while those of the lower class status would bounce from one menial job to the next, as was in the case of Antonio (Ibid 143). After fleeing to Los Angeles, Antonio became schizophrenic, homeless and lived amongst junkies who used to steal food for him. On the other hand, when Longoria came to Los Angeles, life for him was apparently easier as compared to Antonios. This can be attributed to the fact that he was one of the members of the elite units within the Guatemalan army, therefore enabling him to have special privileges (Tobar 157). This fact angers Antonio who makes the observation that Longoria is able to move freely within the United States without much obstruction. Additional theme to the narrative by the author The author of The Tattooed Soldier is also arguing about racial discrimination though this is a minor theme as compared to that of manipulation of mankind. The chaotic riots taking place in Los Angeles during the time that Antonio was stalking and plotting against Longoria were because of the Rodney King trial. Rodney King was an African-American individual who was a victim of police brutality by LAPD (Los Angeles Police Department) in 1991 (Tobar 163). The problem began when Rodneys car was spotted speeding beyond the Californian speed limit on their way from a friends house in Los Angeles, where they had spent the night drinking and watching a baseball game (Ibid 164 ). His car was flagged down by traffic police and once they ordered him out of the car, the four police officers pounced on him with batons, beating him repeatedly while he was on the ground. While LAPD suggested that these officers were acting in self-defense as a way of restraining Rodney, the rest of the African-Ame rican society perceived it to be a racial discrimination act of violence (Tobar 167). As a result, Rodney suffered internal injuries and a fractured skull. In the course of the investigation, another trial took place involving a Korean American who was to be sentenced because of shooting dead a young African-American woman (Tobar 174). The individual was handed a lenient sentence and this further increased racial tensions in the city of Los Angeles. In 1992, the year when the narrative involving Antonio and Longoria is set, the four officers involved in the Rodney case were cleared of any accusation of assault (Ibid 185). This was the cause of the riots during that particular time. Antonio, being a naà ¯ve, average class citizen of Guatemala was taken advantage of by the government and forced to flee his native land. Once in Los Angeles, he became a victim of racial discrimination in that he could not easily find employment or a decent place to stay due to his ethnic background (Tobar 231). This factor was further fueled by the happenings in Los Angeles as a result of the Rodney King trial. Elements of the Text supporting the Authors argument The Tattooed Soldier is a captivating novel which provokes its readers to re-think about their ideas and understanding as concerns homeless immigrants in the city of Los Angeles as well as the victimized individuals in Guatemala (Tobar 239). Antonio and Longoria are faced with the issues of class structure and ethnicity in the settings portrayed in the narrative. Military strategies, human rights violations, emotional and personal conflicts and refugee undertones are all incorporated in this powerful novel making the narrative easy to relate with (Ibid 242). Certain elements of the text support Tobars argument concerning the themes of the narrative. For instance, the setting of the narrative is during the time when a major trial involving an African-American individual and the Los Angeles Police Department was taking place (Tobar 248). At the same time, majority of Guatemalan citizens were fleeing their country due to the guerrillas kidnapping, bombing and killing them on suspicion o f being informers and instigators. Circumstances surrounding the events prompt and manipulate Antonio into desiring to take revenge and readers observe the change in his characteristic from that of being a naà ¯ve, peace loving individual to that of being a rage driven individual full of vengeance (Tobar 253). Revenge becomes the sole reason and purpose for his quest to continue living and surviving. As part of the few elements introduced to support the authors arguments as concerns the themes, the readers are introduced to another character, Frank, who happens to be a homeless African-American (Ibid 259). Frank befriends Antonio who also finds himself in the state of being homeless in the streets of Los Angeles. Together, they move from one camp to the next, and after spotting Longoria in one of the camps, Antonio requests Frank to help him get his revenge (Tobar 260). At the beginning, Frank is hesitant as to assisting him in his quest but on mentioning that Longoria can be compared to Nazi, only a modern day vers ion of one, he does not think twice. Frank is also in a position to relate with current happenings during that period since he also happens to be of a minority group, living in a city where there exists racial tension and manipulation (Ibid 263). Moreover, the setting of the narrative is of two distinct yet similar scenarios, which are intertwined by the protagonists, Antonio and Longoria. Guatemala and Los Angeles are both depicted as being peaceful to begin with but ending up in chaos as a result of civil war and racial tension caused by the Rodney King trail, respectively (Tobar 256). Being citizens of Guatemala but hailing from different backgrounds, Antonio and Longoria find themselves in the city of Los Angeles in an attempt to escape from their painful memories. Here, they are brought together under different circumstances into the same plot of the narrative and the reader observes how each of the protagonists reacts to their present situation (Tobar 254). This new environment does not change the characteristic of either of them and they do their best to adapt to their surroundings. Both Antonio and Longoria are seen to migrate from one camp to the next but the difference is that Longoria is able to enjoy certain privi leges bestowed upon him due to the nature of his rank (Ibid 265). On the other hand, Antonio is left to fend for himself and try surviving whichever way he can since he does not enjoy the same privileges. The Los Angeles riots provoke the protagonists to become more emotional and are reminded of their past memories. For instance, once the riots begin, Antonio finds an inner resolve as a result of being swept up in the emotion, pushing him to seek justice by proceeding to kill Longoria (Tobar 270). Longoria also finds himself in an emotional turmoil after being confronted by Guatemalan refugees who recognized him for who he is and demanded answers to his actions while living in Guatemala. The general setting of the story is in the years 1991 and 1992 when Guatemalan civil war and the Los Angeles riots took place (Ibid 272). The story is also set in two distinct cities, Los Angeles, being a large urban area and Guatemala, being a middle class, small area. These two cities however, share a similar scenario in that they are both set during harsh economic times (Tobar 275). This has an overall impact on the protagonists who find themselves caught up in the occurrences of that particular pe riod. Even though they do not change their identity despite the environments they find themselves in, their attitudes and emotional status are greatly influenced by the surrounding circumstances (Tobar 276). The design or plot of the narrative in The Tattooed Soldier follows a pattern that enables the reader to understand the humanity of war. The narrative begins with a love story of Antonio and Elena, proceeds with her and her sons brutal execution by the guerrillas, one of whom is Longoria and ends with a street murder at the height of Rodney King riots in Los Angeles (Tobar 279). The author of The Tattooed Soldier leaves the readers greatly uncentered in that he depicts Antonio and Longoria as victims facing the same challenging situation in Los Angeles. This in turn leads the readers to setting aside their perceived hatred towards Longoria and instead makes them empathize with both protagonists (Ibid 283). CONCLUSION Hector Tobar writes the novel The Tattooed Soldier with the aim of looking at issues facing the society as a whole for instance issues related to class structure and ethnicity. Victimized individuals in Guatemala as well as homeless immigrants living in Los Angeles are brought to light and this enables the readers to put aside their differences and hatred for a moment and instead focus on experiencing mutual humanity. WORK CITED Tobar, Hector. The Tattooed Soldier. Delphinium Books. University of Texas. 1998. p. 25 307.

Homeless Families in America :: Research Papers

Thesis Statement This paper will examine a subgroup of the homeless population, homeless families. It will explore the multiple causes of family homelessness and the consequences homelessness has on family life. The three main reasons for the abundance of dispossessed families within America are the following: 1) the lack of affordable housing, 2) low wages in the job-market, and 3) insufficient federal aid. In today’s society, these causes are the main contributors towards the heartbreaking condition of family homelessness, which often leads to family breakups, health issues, and educational obstacles. This paper will also give possible solutions to family homelessness and improvement plans for the future. Defining Homelessness â€Å"Home is where we start from.†(T.S. Eliot) â€Å"Home †¦is †¦the human point of ultimate return.† (John Hollander) Although most people know what homelessness is and it occurs in most societies, it is important to define because the forces of displacement vary greatly, along with the arrangement and meaning of the resulting transient state. The Stewart B McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987 defined a homeless person as â€Å"an individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence or a person who resides in a shelter, welfare hotel, transitional program or place not ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation, such as streets, cars, movie theaters, abandoned buildings, etc.† Resent surveys conducted in the U.S. have confirmed that the homeless population in America is extremely diverse and includes representatives from all segments of society, including: the old and young, men and women, single people and families, city dwellers and rural residents, whites and people of color, employed and unemployed, able workers and people with serious health problems. The diversity among people that are homeless reflects how difficult it is to generalize the causes of homelessness and the needs of homeless people. Robert Rosenheck M.D., the author of Special Populations of Homeless Americans, explains the importance of studying homelessness based on subgroups, â€Å"each subgroup [of homeless people] has unique service needs and identifying these needs is critical for program planning and design.† Despite these diversities, homelessness is a devastating situation for all that experience it. Not only have homeless people lost their dwelling, but they have also lost their safety, privacy, control, and domestic comfort. Homeless Families Family homelessness is a fairly new social problem in America. Beginning in the early 1980’s, families with children have become the fastest growing segment of the homeless population.

Comparison/Contrast Between American Indians Essay

Over 400 years ago, the Powhatan Indians inhabited a place called Jamestown, Virginia. Their every-day life was disrupted, though, when, in 1607, a ship carrying men from England came to claim their land, making Jamestown their new capital. This could have been seen as a bright opportunity for both parties: the Powhatan Indians could have shared their knowledge of the land they occupied, and the English could have shared some of the skills and technology brought over with them. But, of course, the two groups found that they had many differences. They had a hard time sharing and trading because of how different they were, such as in their belief systems, materials and resources, and their living environments to name a few. As stated before, the Powhatan Indians and the English had different belief systems. For example, the English, much like many Americans today, were monotheist, believing in only one god. The Natives, on the other hand, believed that there were many gods. There were not only differences in their religious beliefs, though. For instance, the Powhatan Indians honored their women and treated them with a high respect. They believed that women were the â€Å"giver of life† in society, therefore they were greatly valued. The Colonists, on the other hand, believed that women were property. Land ownership was a conflict as well. While the Indians believed that the land was something that was Mother Earth’s and could not be owned, the English claimed land as theirs every chance they got. Another difference between the Powhatan Indians and the Settlers was resources and how they were used. The Natives, for example, used hand-made weapons and tools that were made of stone. With the English, though, came their knowledge of metal, meaning that they had more advanced tools and weapons made of this material. There was a difference in the types of foods as well. Back in England, when one referred to â€Å"corn†, it was meant as anything in the wheat family. When the English came to the New World, though, they were introduced to the Indians’ version of corn: maize. This wasn’t the best thing, because when the settlers ate the maize, they became very sick, as they weren’t used to it. The two parties in some ways had similar living environments. For instance,  both the Indians and the English had religious gathering areas. For the English, there was a large church where everyone gathered for prayer. The Indians, on the other hand, had a dance circle where the people gathered. Houses in the two environments were different as well. The Indians built semi-permanent houses called Yehakins. The Yehakins had a hut-like structure to them with fire-pits in the center. The English had more structured houses that were shaped just like houses seen today. They were rectangular with straight roofs on top, and a fireplace rather than a fire-pit. Because of differences in their housing structures, they also had different cooking procedures. The Indians cooked things using an open fire outside. The Colonists used a technique in their fireplaces called â€Å"down-hearth cooking.† Eventually more and more English came to live the new life in the New World. With them they brought more and more of the English culture, making more conflicts between them and the Powhatan Indians. The Settlers starting claiming a little more of the native land every day, making it hard for the Indians to live in such a small space. Although there was a lot of potential for both parties to grow from each other, differences got in the way, in some cases causing more diminishing of the cultures than growth.